Language filipino filipino 1917 (laptop)
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- Runtime=119Minutes
- Audience Score=167276 vote
- War, Drama
- 9,2 / 10 stars
- summary=April 6, 1917. On a battlefield in Northern France, Lance Corporal Tom Blake with the British Army is asked to choose one of his battalion colleagues to join him on an assignment, he choosing his best friend, Lance Corporal Will Schofield. It isn't until Blake chooses Schofield that they learn of the dangerous nature of the mission: to hand deliver a message to Colonel MacKenzie leading another nearby battalion, they having to cross no man's land to what they have been told are now the abandoned German trenches to get to MacKenzie just past the nearby town of Écoust. The message, which must reach its destination by dawn tomorrow, is for MacKenzie to abort his troop's attack then on the supposedly retreating Germans who are in reality lying in wait, the Germans having planned this deception for months. The lives of MacKenzie and his 1,600 men are at risk if the message does not make it through in time, one of those men being Blake's brother, Lt. Joseph Blake. Blake and Schofield's stories as it pertains to them as soldiers in the bigger picture of the war, as soldiers trying to stay alive, as friends, and as human beings who have their own motivations are told for as long as they are able to survive on this mission
- release date=2019
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I spotted the scenes shot, where I used to Live. The Govan Graving Docks in Glasgow. Andere Verkäufer auf Amazon Zur Rückseite klappen Zur Vorderseite klappen Hörprobe Wird gespielt... Angehalten Sie hören eine Hörprobe des Audible Hörbuch-Downloads. Mehr erfahren Alle 10 Bilder anzeigen Etwas ist schiefgegangen. Wiederholen Sie die Anforderung später noch einmal. Lieferung Donnerstag, 27. Febr. : Bestellen Sie jetzt per AmazonGlobal Express-Zustellung an der Kasse. Siehe Details. Beliebte Taschenbuch-Empfehlungen des Monats Stöbern Sie jetzt durch unsere Auswahl beliebter Bücher aus verschiedenen Genres wie Frauenromane, historische Romane, Liebesromane, Krimi, Thriller, SciFi und Fantasy. Hier stöbern Hinweise und Aktionen Entdecken Sie die aktuellen BILD Bestseller. Jede Woche neu. Hier klicken Es wird kein Kindle Gerät benötigt. Laden Sie eine der kostenlosen Kindle Apps herunter und beginnen Sie, Kindle-Bücher auf Ihrem Smartphone, Tablet und Computer zu lesen. Apple Android Windows Phone Geben Sie Ihre Mobiltelefonnummer ein, um die kostenfreie App zu beziehen. Jeder kann Kindle Bücher lesen — selbst ohne ein Kindle-Gerät — mit der KOSTENFREIEN Kindle App für Smartphones, Tablets und Computer. Produktbeschreibungen Klappentext Über den Autor und weitere Mitwirkende Joi Barrios holds a Ph. D. in Filipino Literature from the University of the Philippines. She serves as a Lecturer teaching Filipino and Philippine Literature at the University of California, Berkeley while on leave as an Associate Professor from the University of the Philippines Diliman (UPD). Barrios has won fourteen national literary awards and, for her contributions to literature, was among the 100 women chosen as Weavers of History for the Philippine Centennial Celebration. In 2004, she also received the TOWNS (Ten Outstanding Women in the Nation's Service) Award. Joi Barrios holds a Ph. In 2004, she also received the TOWNS (Ten Outstanding Women in the Nation's Service) Award.
Language filipino filipino 1917 recipes. Language filipino filipino 1917 online. Language filipino filipino 1917 youtube. Language filipino filipino 117. I can only imagine how hard it was to film this. They deserve for this to do well. I hope it does. Language filipino filipino 1917 music. Language filipino filipino 1917. Language filipino filipino. Would of been cool if in Wonder Woman, we go back and see these 2 sneaking by in the distance when Diana is fighting thru no man's land. 😁😁. Language filipino filipino 1917 names.
Tagalog ᜏᜒᜃᜅ᜔ ᜆᜄᜎᜓᜄ᜔ Wikang Tagalog Pronunciation [tɐˈɡaːloɡ] Native to Philippines Region Manila, Southern Tagalog and Central Luzon Ethnicity Tagalog people Native speakers 22. 5 million (2010) 23. 8 million total speakers (2019) [2] 45 million L2 speakers (as Filipino, 2013) [3] Language family Austronesian Malayo-Polynesian Philippine Central Philippine Tagalog Early forms Proto-Austronesian Proto-Malayo-Polynesian Proto-Philippine Old Tagalog Classical Tagalog Standard forms Filipino Dialects Bataan Batangas Bulacan Lubang Manila Marinduque Tanay–Paete (Rizal-Laguna) Tayabas (Quezon) Writing system Latin ( Tagalog / Filipino alphabet), Philippine Braille Baybayin (historical) Official status Official language in Philippines (in the form of Filipino) Recognised minority language in Philippines (Regional language; apart from national standard of Filipino) Regulated by Komisyon sa Wikang Filipino Language codes ISO 639-1 tl ISO 639-2 tgl ISO 639-3 tgl Glottolog taga1280 Tagalogic [4] taga1269 Tagalog-Filipino [5] Linguasphere 31-CKA Predominantly Tagalog-speaking regions in the Philippines. Tagalog () [6] Tagalog pronunciation: [tɐˈɡaːloɡ]) is an Austronesian language spoken as a first language by a quarter of the population of the Philippines and as a second language by the majority. [7] [8] Its standardized form, officially named Filipino, is the national language of the Philippines, and is one of two official languages alongside English. It is related to other Philippine languages, such as the Bikol languages, Ilocano, the Visayan languages, Kapampangan, and Pangasinan, and more distantly to other Austronesian languages, such as the Formosan languages of Taiwan, Malay ( Malaysian and Indonesian), Hawaiian, Māori, and Malagasy. History [ edit] The word Tagalog is derived from the endonym taga-ilog ("river dweller"), composed of tagá- ("native of" or "from") and ilog ("river"). Linguists such as Dr. David Zorc and Dr. Robert Blust speculate that the Tagalogs and other Central Philippine ethno-linguistic groups originated in Northeastern Mindanao or the Eastern Visayas. [9] [10] Possible words of Old Tagalog origin are attested in the Laguna Copperplate Inscription from the tenth century, which is largely written in Old Malay. [11] The first known complete book to be written in Tagalog is the Doctrina Christiana (Christian Doctrine), printed in 1593. The Doctrina was written in Spanish and two transcriptions of Tagalog; one in the ancient, then-current Baybayin script and the other in an early Spanish attempt at a Latin orthography for the language. Vocabulario de la lengua tagala, 1794. Throughout the 333 years of Spanish rule, various grammars and dictionaries were written by Spanish clergymen. In 1610, the Dominican priest Francisco Blancas de San Jose published the “Arte y reglas de la Lengua Tagala” (which was subsequently revised with two editions in 1752 and 1832) in Bataan. In 1613, the Franciscan priest Pedro de San Buenaventura published the first Tagalog dictionary, his "Vocabulario de la Lengua Tagala" in Pila, Laguna. The first substantial dictionary of the Tagalog language was written by the Czech Jesuit missionary Pablo Clain in the beginning of the 18th century. Clain spoke Tagalog and used it actively in several of his books. He prepared the dictionary, which he later passed over to Francisco Jansens and José Hernandez. [12] Further compilation of his substantial work was prepared by P. Juan de Noceda and P. Pedro de Sanlucar and published as Vocabulario de la Lengua Tagala in Manila in 1754 and then repeatedly [13] reedited, with the last edition being in 2013 in Manila. [14] Among others, Arte de la lengua tagala y manual tagalog para la administración de los Santos Sacramentos (1850) in addition to early studies [15] of the language. The indigenous poet Francisco Baltazar (1788–1862) is regarded as the foremost Tagalog writer, his most notable work being the early 19th-century epic Florante at Laura. [16] Historical changes [ edit] Diariong Tagalog (Tagalog Newspaper), the first bilingual newspaper in the Philippines founded in 1882 written in both Tagalog and Spanish. Tagalog differs from its Central Philippine counterparts with its treatment of the Proto-Philippine schwa vowel *ə. In most Bikol and Visayan languages, this sound merged with /u/ and [o]. In Tagalog, it has merged with /i/. For example, Proto-Philippine *dəkət (adhere, stick) is Tagalog dikít and Visayan & Bikol dukot. Proto-Philippine *r, *j, and *z merged with /d/ but is /l/ between vowels. Proto-Philippine *ŋajan (name) and *hajək (kiss) became Tagalog ngalan and halík. Proto-Philippine *R merged with /ɡ/. *tubiR (water) and *zuRuʔ (blood) became Tagalog tubig and dugô. Official status [ edit] Tagalog was declared the official language by the first revolutionary constitution in the Philippines, the Constitution of Biak-na-Bato in 1897. [17] In 1935, the Philippine constitution designated English and Spanish as official languages, but mandated the development and adoption of a common national language based on one of the existing native languages. [18] After study and deliberation, the National Language Institute, a committee composed of seven members who represented various regions in the Philippines, chose Tagalog as the basis for the evolution and adoption of the national language of the Philippines. [19] [20] President Manuel L. Quezon then, on December 30, 1937, proclaimed the selection of the Tagalog language to be used as the basis for the evolution and adoption of the national language of the Philippines. [19] In 1939, President Quezon renamed the proposed Tagalog-based national language as Wikang Pambansâ (national language). [20] Under the Japanese puppet government during World War II, Tagalog as a national language was strongly promoted; the 1943 Constitution specifying: The government shall take steps toward the development and propagation of Tagalog as the national language. ". In 1959, the language was further renamed as "Pilipino". [20] Along with English, the national language has had official status under the 1973 constitution (as "Pilipino") [21] and the present 1987 constitution (as Filipino). Controversy [ edit] The adoption of Tagalog in 1937 as basis for a national language is not without its own controversies. Instead of specifying Tagalog, the national language was designated as Wikang Pambansâ ("National Language") in 1939. [19] [22] Twenty years later, in 1959, it was renamed by then Secretary of Education, José Romero, as Pilipino to give it a national rather than ethnic label and connotation. The changing of the name did not, however, result in acceptance among non- Tagalogs, especially Cebuanos who had not accepted the selection. [20] The national language issue was revived once more during the 1971 Constitutional Convention. Majority of the delegates were even in favor of scrapping the idea of a "national language" altogether. [23] A compromise solution was worked out—a "universalist" approach to the national language, to be called Filipino rather than Pilipino. The 1973 constitution makes no mention of Tagalog. When a new constitution was drawn up in 1987, it named Filipino as the national language. [20] The constitution specified that as the Filipino language evolves, it shall be further developed and enriched on the basis of existing Philippine and other languages. However, more than two decades after the institution of the "universalist" approach, there seems to be little if any difference between Tagalog and Filipino. Many of the older generation in the Philippines feel that the replacement of English by Tagalog in the popular visual media has had dire economic effects regarding the competitiveness of the Philippines in trade and overseas remittances. [24] Use in education [ edit] This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. ( March 2018) Upon the issuance of Executive Order No. 134, Tagalog was declared as basis of the National Language. On 12 April 1940, Executive No. 263 was issued ordering the teaching of the national language in all public and private schools in the country. [25] Article XIV, Section 7 of the 1987 Constitution of the Philippines specifies, in part: Subject to provisions of law and as the Congress may deem appropriate, the Government shall take steps to initiate and sustain the use of Filipino as a medium of official communication and as language of instruction in the educational system. [26] The regional languages are the auxiliary official languages in the regions and shall serve as auxiliary media of instruction therein. [26] In 2009, the Department of Education promulgated an order institutionalizing a system of mother-tongue based multilingual education ("MLE"), wherein instruction is conducted primarily in a student's mother tongue (one of the various regional Philippine languages) until at least grade three, with additional languages such as Filipino and English being introduced as separate subjects no earlier than grade two. In secondary school, Filipino and English become the primary languages of instruction, with the learner's first language taking on an auxiliary role. [27] After pilot tests in selected schools, the MLE program was implemented nationwide from School Year (SY) 2012-2013. [28] [29] It is the first language of a quarter of the population of the Philippines (particularly in Central and Southern Luzon) and a second language of the majority. [30] Geographic distribution [ edit] A landslide and rockslide-prone area sign at Indang, Cavite. Distribution of Tagalog speakers around the world. Countries with more than 500, 000 speakers Countries with 100, 000–500, 000 speakers Countries where it is spoken by minor communities According to the Philippine Statistics Authority, as of 2014 there were 100 million people living in the Philippines, where the vast majority of whom will have some basic level of understanding of the language. The Tagalog homeland, Katagalugan, covers roughly much of the central to southern parts of the island of Luzon — particularly in Aurora, Bataan, Batangas, Bulacan, Cavite, Laguna, Metro Manila, Nueva Ecija, Quezon, Rizal and Zambales. Tagalog is also spoken natively by inhabitants living on the islands of Marinduque and Mindoro, as well as Palawan to a lesser extent. Significant minorities are found in the other Central Luzon provinces of Pampanga and Tarlac, as well as Ambos Camarines in Bicol Region. At the 2000 Philippines Census, it is spoken by approximately 57. 3 million Filipinos, 96% of the household population who were able to attend school; [31] slightly over 22 million, or 28% of the total Philippine population, [32] speak it as a native language. The following regions and provinces of the Philippines are majority Tagalog-speaking (from north to south): Central Luzon Region Aurora Nueva Ecija Zambales Metro Manila (National Capital Region) Southern Luzon ( Calabarzon and Mimaropa) Cavite Laguna Rizal Quezon Occidental Mindoro Oriental Mindoro Romblon Palawan Bicol Region (While the Bikol languages have traditionally been the majority languages in the following provinces, heavy Tagalog influence and migration has resulted in its significant presence in these provinces and in many communities Tagalog is now the majority language. ) Camarines Norte Camarines Sur Tagalog speakers are also found in other parts of the Philippines and through its standardized form of Filipino, the language serves the national lingua franca of the country. Tagalog also serves as the common language among Overseas Filipinos, though its use overseas is usually limited to communication between Filipino ethnic groups. The largest concentration of Tagalog speakers outside the Philippines is found in the United States, where in 2013, the U. S. Census Bureau reported (based on data collected in 2011) that it was the fourth most-spoken non-English language at home with almost 1. 6 million speakers, behind Spanish, French (including Patois, Cajun, Creole), and Chinese (with figures for Cantonese and Mandarin combined). In urban areas, Tagalog ranked as the third most spoken non-English language, behind Spanish and Chinese varieties but ahead of French. [33] Other countries with significant concentrations of overseas Filipinos and Tagalog speakers include Saudi Arabia, Canada, United Arab Emirates, Kuwait, and Malaysia. Classification [ edit] Tagalog is a Central Philippine language within the Austronesian language family. Being Malayo-Polynesian, it is related to other Austronesian languages, such as Malagasy, Javanese, Malay ( Malaysian and Indonesian), Tetum (of Timor), and Yami (of Taiwan). [34] It is closely related to the languages spoken in the Bicol Region and the Visayas islands, such as the Bikol group and the Visayan group, including Waray-Waray, Hiligaynon and Cebuano. [34] Dialects [ edit] Distribution of Tagalog dialects in the Philippines. The color-schemes represent the four dialect zones of the language: Northern, Central, Southern and Marinduque. While the majority of residents in Camarines Norte and Camarines Sur traditionally speak Bikol as their first language, these provinces nonetheless have significant Tagalog minorities. In addition, Tagalog is used as a second language throughout the country. At present, no comprehensive dialectology has been done in the Tagalog-speaking regions, though there have been descriptions in the form of dictionaries and grammars of various Tagalog dialects. Ethnologue lists Manila, Lubang, Marinduque, Bataan (Western Central Luzon), Batangas, Bulacan (Eastern Central Luzon), Tanay-Paete (Rizal-Laguna), and Tayabas (Quezon) as dialects of Tagalog; however, there appear to be four main dialects, of which the aforementioned are a part: Northern (exemplified by the Bulacan dialect), Central (including Manila), Southern (exemplified by Batangas), and Marinduque. Some example of dialectal differences are: Many Tagalog dialects, particularly those in the south, preserve the glottal stop found after consonants and before vowels. This has been lost in Standard Tagalog. For example, standard Tagalog ngayón (now, today), sinigáng (broth stew), gabí (night), matamís (sweet), are pronounced and written ngay-on, sinig-ang, gab-i, and matam-is in other dialects. In Teresian - Morong Tagalog, [ɾ] is usually preferred over [d]. For example, bundók, dagat, dingdíng, and isdâ become bunrók, ragat, ringríng, and isrâ, e. g. "sandók sa dingdíng" becoming "sanrók sa ringríng". In many southern dialects, the progressive aspect infix of -um- verbs is na-. For example, standard Tagalog kumakain (eating) is nákáin in Quezon and Batangas Tagalog. This is the butt of some jokes by other Tagalog speakers, for should a Southern Tagalog ask nákáin ka ba ng patíng? ("Do you eat shark? "), he would be understood as saying "Has a shark eaten you? " by speakers of the Manila Dialect. Some dialects have interjections which are considered a regional trademark. For example, the interjection ala e! usually identifies someone from Batangas as does hane?! in Rizal and Quezon provinces. Perhaps the most divergent Tagalog dialects are those spoken in Marinduque. [35] Linguist Rosa Soberano identifies two dialects, western and eastern, with the former being closer to the Tagalog dialects spoken in the provinces of Batangas and Quezon. One example is the verb conjugation paradigms. While some of the affixes are different, Marinduque also preserves the imperative affixes, also found in Visayan and Bikol languages, that have mostly disappeared from most Tagalog early 20th century; they have since merged with the infinitive. Northern and central dialects form the basis for the national language. Accents [ edit] The Tagalog language also boasts accentations unique to some parts of Tagalog-speaking regions. For example, in some parts of Manila, a strong pronunciation of i exists and vowel-switching of o and u exists so words like "gising" (to wake) is pronounced as "giseng" with a strong 'e' and the word "tagu-taguan" (hide-and-go-seek) is pronounced as "tago-tagoan" with a mild 'o'. Batangas Tagalog boasts the most distinctive accent in Tagalog compared to the more Hispanized northern accents of the language. [ citation needed] The Batangas accent has been featured in film and television and Filipino actor Leo Martinez speaks with this accent. Martinez's accent, however, will quickly be recognized by native Batangueños as representative of the accent in western Batangas which is milder compared to that used in the eastern part of the province. [ citation needed] Bulacan Tagalog has more deep words and accented like Filipino during the Spanish period. Quezon and Aurora's Tagalog has unique accents. Quezon's Tagalog has also has several unique words, and each town has a different tone, like in Sariaya, Atimonan and Gumaca. Cavite accent specifically in the lowland part of the province were a mix of deep Tagalog and Chavacano, a language also spoken in Zamboanga while in upland Cavite like in the municipalities of Alfonso, Cavite, Magallanes, Cavite as well as Tagaytay City uses the accent comparable to the accent used in western Batangas due to its proximity. Laguna also has a different set of accents, notably in the municipality of Alaminos, Laguna and the City of San Pablo, Laguna has the accent comparable to the accent used in eastern Batangas while the accent used in the northern parts of Laguna such as Biñan, Laguna and San Pedro, Laguna uses the accent comparable to Manila Tagalog. Nueva Ecija's accent is like Bulacan's, but with different intonations. Tarlac also has this accent. Code-switching with English [ edit] Taglish and Englog are names given to a mix of English and Tagalog. The amount of English vs. Tagalog varies from the occasional use of English loan words to changing language in mid-sentence. Such code-switching is prevalent throughout the Philippines and in various languages of the Philippines other than Tagalog. Code-mixing also entails the use of foreign words that are "Filipinized" by reforming them using Filipino rules, such as verb conjugations. Users typically use Filipino or English words, whichever comes to mind first or whichever is easier to use. Magshoshopping kami sa mall. Sino ba ang magdadrive sa shopping center? We will go shopping at the mall. Who will drive to the shopping center? City-dwellers are more likely to do this. The practice is common in television, radio, and print media as well. Advertisements from companies like Wells Fargo, Wal-Mart, Albertsons, McDonald's, and Western Union have contained Taglish. Phonology [ edit] Tagalog has 33 phonemes: 19 of them are consonants and 14 are vowels. Syllable structure is relatively simple, being maximally CrVC, where Cr only occurs in borrowed words such as trak "truck" or sombréro "hat". [36] Vowels [ edit] Tagalog has ten simple vowels, five long and five short, and four diphthongs. [36] Before appearing in the area north of the Pasig river, Tagalog had three vowel qualities: /a/, /i/, and /u/. This was later expanded to five with the introduction of words from central and northern Philippines, such as the Kapampangan, Pangasinan and Ilocano languages, as well as Spanish words. Table of the five general Tagalog vowel phonemes Front Central Back Close i ⟨i⟩ u ⟨u⟩ Mid ɛ ⟨e⟩ o̞ ⟨o⟩ Open a ⟨a⟩ /a/ an open central unrounded vowel roughly similar to English "f a ther"; in the middle of a word, a near-open central vowel similar to Received Pronunciation "c u p"; or an open front unrounded vowel similar to Received Pronunciation or California English "h a t" /ɛ/ an open-mid front unrounded vowel similar to General American English "b e d" /i/ a close front unrounded vowel similar to English "mach i ne" /o/ a mid back rounded vowel similar to General American English "s o ul" or Philippine English "f o rty" /u/ a close back rounded vowel similar to English "fl u te" Nevertheless, simplification of pairs [o ~ u] and [ɛ ~ i] is likely to take place, especially in some Tagalog as second language, remote location and working class registers. The four diphthongs are /aj/, /uj/, /aw/, and /iw/. Long vowels are not written apart from pedagogical texts, where an acute accent is used: á é í ó ú. [36] Table of all possible realizations of Tagalog vowels Near-close ɪ ⟨i⟩ ʊ ⟨u⟩ ɛ̝ ⟨e⟩ Open-mid ɔ ⟨o⟩ Near-open ɐ ⟨a⟩ ä ⟨a⟩ The table above shows all the possible realizations for each of the five vowel sounds depending on the speaker's origin or proficiency. The five general vowels are in bold. Consonants [ edit] Below is a chart of Tagalog consonants. All the stops are unaspirated. The velar nasal occurs in all positions including at the beginning of a word. Loanword variants using these phonemes are italicized inside the angle brackets. Tagalog consonant phonemes [36] Bilabial Alveolar / Dental Post-alveolar / Palatal Velar Glottal Nasal m n ɲ ⟨ny, niy⟩ ŋ ⟨ng⟩ Stop p b t d k ɡ ʔ Affricate ( ts) tʃ ⟨ts, tiy, ty, ch ⟩ dʒ ⟨diy, dy, j ⟩ Fricative s ʃ ⟨siy, sy, sh ⟩ x ⟨-k-⟩ h ⟨h, j ⟩ Approximant l j ⟨y⟩ w ( ɰ ⟨-g-⟩) Rhotic ɾ ⟨r⟩ /k/ between vowels has a tendency to become [x] as in loch, German Bach, whereas in the initial position it has a tendency to become [kx], especially in the Manila dialect. Intervocalic /ɡ/ and /k/ tend to become [ɰ], as in Spanish agua, especially in the Manila dialect. /ɾ/ and /d/ were once allophones, and they still vary grammatically, with initial /d/ becoming intervocalic /ɾ/ in many words. [36] A glottal stop that occurs in pausa (before a pause) is omitted when it is in the middle of a phrase, [36] especially in the Metro Manila area. The vowel it follows is then lengthened. However, it is preserved in many other dialects. The /ɾ/ phoneme is an alveolar rhotic that has a free variation between a trill, a flap and an approximant ( [r~ɾ~ɹ]). The /dʒ/ phoneme may become a consonant cluster [dd͡ʒ] in between vowels such as sadyâ [sadˈd͡ʒäʔ]. Glottal stop is not indicated. [36] Glottal stops are most likely to occur when: the word starts with a vowel, like a so (dog) the word includes a dash followed by a vowel, like mag- a ral (study) the word has two vowels next to each other, like pa a no (how) the word starts with a prefix followed by a verb that starts with a vowel, like mag-aayos ([will] fix) Stress and final glottal stop [ edit] Stress is a distinctive feature in Tagalog. Primary stress occurs on either the final or the penultimate syllable of a word. Vowel lengthening accompanies primary or secondary stress except when stress occurs at the end of a word. Tagalog words are often distinguished from one another by the position of the stress and/or the presence of a final glottal stop. In formal or academic settings, stress placement and the glottal stop are indicated by a diacritic ( tuldík) above the final vowel. [37] The penultimate primary stress position ( malumay) is the default stress type and so is left unwritten except in dictionaries. Phonetic comparison of Tagalog homographs based on stress and final glottal stop Common spelling Stressed non-ultimate syllable no diacritic Stressed ultimate syllable acute accent (´) Unstressed ultimate syllable with glottal stop grave accent (`) Stressed ultimate syllable with glottal stop circumflex accent (^) baka [ˈbaka] baka ('cow') [bɐˈka] baká ('possible') pito [ˈpito] pito ('whistle') [pɪˈto] pitó ('seven') bayaran [bɐˈjaran] bayaran ('pay [imperative]') [bɐjɐˈran] bayarán ('for hire') bata [ˈbata] bata ('bath robe') [bɐˈta] batá ('persevere') [ˈbataʔ] batà ('child') sala [ˈsala] sala ('living room') [ˈsalaʔ] salà ('sin') [sɐˈlaʔ] salâ ('filtered') baba [ˈbaba] baba ('father') [baˈba] babá ('piggy back') [ˈbabaʔ] babà ('chin') [bɐˈbaʔ] babâ ('descend [imperative]') labi [ˈlabɛʔ] / [ˈlabiʔ] labì ('lips') [lɐˈbɛʔ] / [lɐˈbiʔ] labî ('remains') Grammar [ edit] Writing system [ edit] Tagalog, like other Philippines languages today, is written using the Latin alphabet. Prior to the arrival of the Spanish in 1521 and the beginning of their colonization in 1565, Tagalog was written in an abugida —or alphasyllabary —called Baybayin. This system of writing gradually gave way to the use and propagation of the Latin alphabet as introduced by the Spanish. As the Spanish began to record and create grammars and dictionaries for the various languages of the Philippine archipelago, they adopted systems of writing closely following the orthographic customs of the Spanish language and were refined over the years. Until the first half of the 20th century, most Philippine languages were widely written in a variety of ways based on Spanish orthography. In the late 19th century, a number of educated Filipinos began proposing for revising the spelling system used for Tagalog at the time. In 1884, Filipino doctor and student of languages Trinidad Pardo de Tavera published his study on the ancient Tagalog script Contribucion para el Estudio de los Antiguos Alfabetos Filipinos and in 1887, published his essay El Sanscrito en la lengua Tagalog which made use of a new writing system developed by him. Meanwhile, Jose Rizal, inspired by Pardo de Tavera's 1884 work, also began developing a new system of orthography (unaware at first of Pardo de Tavera's own orthography). [38] A major noticeable change in these proposed orthographies was the use of the letter ⟨k⟩ rather than ⟨c⟩ and ⟨q⟩ to represent the phoneme /k/. In 1889, the new bilingual Spanish-Tagalog La España Oriental newspaper, of which Isabelo de los Reyes was an editor, began publishing using the new orthography stating in a footnote that it would "use the orthography recently introduced by... learned Orientalis". This new orthography, while having its supporters, was also not initially accepted by several writers. Soon after the first issue of La España, Pascual H. Poblete 's Revista Católica de Filipina began a series of articles attacking the new orthography and its proponents. A fellow writer, Pablo Tecson was also critical. Among the attacks was the use of the letters "k" and "w" as they were deemed to be of German origin and thus its proponents were deemed as "unpatriotic". The publishers of these two papers would eventually merge as La Lectura Popular in January 1890 and would eventually make use of both spelling systems in its articles. [39] [38] Pedro Laktaw, a schoolteacher, published the first Spanish-Tagalog dictionary using the new orthography in 1890. [39] In April 1890, Jose Rizal authored an article Sobre la Nueva Ortografia de la Lengua Tagalog in the Madrid-based periodical La Solidaridad. In it, he addressed the criticisms of the new writing system by writers like Pobrete and Tecson and the simplicity, in his opinion, of the new orthography. Rizal described the orthography promoted by Pardo de Tavera as "more perfect" than what he himself had developed. [39] The new orthography was however not broadly adopted initially and was used inconsistently in the bilingual periodicals of Manila until the early 20th century. [39] The revolutionary society Kataás-taasan, Kagalang-galang Katipunan ng̃ mg̃á Anak ng̃ Bayan or Katipunan made use of the k-orthography and the letter k featured prominently on many of its flags and insignias. [39] In 1937, Tagalog was selected to serve as basis for the country's national language. In 1940, the Balarílà ng Wikang Pambansâ (English: Grammar of the National Language) of grammarian Lope K. Santos introduced the Abakada alphabet. This alphabet consists of 20 letters and became the standard alphabet of the national language. [40] The orthography as used by Tagalog would eventually influence and spread to the systems of writing used by other Philippine languages (which had been using variants of the Spanish-based system of writing). In 1987, the ABAKADA was dropped and in its place is the expanded Filipino alphabet. Baybayin [ edit] Tagalog was written in an abugida ( alphasyllabary) called Baybayin prior to the Spanish colonial period in the Philippines, in the 16th century. This particular writing system was composed of symbols representing three vowels and 14 consonants. Belonging to the Brahmic family of scripts, it shares similarities with the Old Kawi script of Java and is believed to be descended from the script used by the Bugis in Sulawesi. Although it enjoyed a relatively high level of literacy, Baybayin gradually fell into disuse in favor of the Latin alphabet taught by the Spaniards during their rule. There has been confusion of how to use Baybayin, which is actually an abugida, or an alphasyllabary, rather than an alphabet. Not every letter in the Latin alphabet is represented with one of those in the Baybayin alphasyllabary. Rather than letters being put together to make sounds as in Western languages, Baybayin uses symbols to represent syllables. A "kudlit" resembling an apostrophe is used above or below a symbol to change the vowel sound after its consonant. If the kudlit is used above, the vowel is an "E" or "I" sound. If the kudlit is used below, the vowel is an "O" or "U" sound. A special kudlit was later added by Spanish missionaries in which a cross placed below the symbol to get rid of the vowel sound all together, leaving a consonant. Previously, the consonant without a following vowel was simply left out (for example, bundok being rendered as budo), forcing the reader to use context when reading such words. Example: Baybayin is encoded in Unicode version 3. 2 in the range 1700-171F under the name "Tagalog". ka ga nga ta da/ra na pa ba ma ya la wa sa ha vowels ᜔ a ᜀ i e ᜁ u o ᜂ ᜊ᜔ ᜊ bi be ᜊᜒ bu bo ᜊᜓ ᜃ᜔ ᜃ ki ke ᜃᜒ ku ko ᜃᜓᜓ d/r ᜇ᜔ ᜇ di/ri de/re ᜇᜒ du/ru do/ro ᜇᜓ g ᜄ᜔ ᜄ gi ge ᜄᜒ gu go ᜄᜓ h ᜑ᜔ ᜑ hi he ᜑᜒ hu ho ᜑᜓ ᜎ᜔ ᜎ li le ᜎᜒ lu lo ᜎᜓ ᜋ᜔ ᜋ mi me ᜋᜒ mu mo ᜋᜓ ᜈ᜔ ᜈ ni ne ᜈᜒ nu no ᜈᜓ ng ᜅ᜔ ᜅ ngi nge ᜅᜒ ngu ngo ᜅᜓ ᜉ᜔ ᜉ pi pe ᜉᜒ pu po ᜉᜓ ᜐ᜔ ᜐ si se ᜐᜒ su so ᜐᜓ ᜆ᜔ ᜆ ti te ᜆᜒ tu to ᜆᜓ w ᜏ᜔ ᜏ wi we ᜏᜒ wu wo ᜏᜓ y ᜌ᜔ ᜌ yi ye ᜌᜒ yu yo ᜌᜓ Latin alphabet [ edit] Abecedario [ edit] Until the first half of the 20th century, Tagalog was widely written in a variety of ways based on Spanish orthography consisting of 32 letters called ' ABECEDARIO' ( Spanish for "alphabet"): [41] [42] Majuscule Minuscule A Ng B Ñ ñ C c N͠g / Ñg n͠g / ñg Ch ch O o D P E e Q q F f R r G Rr rr H S I i T J j U u K V v L W Ll ll X x M Y N Z z Abakada [ edit] When the national language was based on Tagalog, grammarian Lope K. Santos introduced a new alphabet consisting of 20 letters called ABAKADA in school grammar books called balarilà: [43] [44] [45] Revised alphabet [ edit] In 1987, the Department of Education, Culture and Sports issued a memo stating that the Philippine alphabet had changed from the Pilipino-Tagalog Abakada version to a new 28-letter alphabet [46] [47] to make room for loans, especially family names from Spanish and English: [48] ng and mga [ edit] The genitive marker ng and the plural marker mga (e. Iyan ang mga damit ko. (Those are my clothe s)) are abbreviations that are pronounced nang [naŋ] and mangá [mɐˈŋa]. Ng, in most cases, roughly translates to "of" (ex. Siya ay kapatid ng nanay ko. She is the sibling of my mother) while nang usually means "when" or can describe how something is done or to what extent (equivalent to the suffix -ly in English adverbs), among other uses. Nang si Hudas ay nadulás. —When Judas slipped. Gumising siya nang maaga. —He woke up early. Gumalíng nang todo si Juan dahil nag-ensayo siya. —Juan greatly improved because he practiced. In the first example, nang is used in lieu of the word noong (when; Noong si Hudas ay madulas). In the second, nang describes that the person woke up ( gumising) early ( maaga); gumising nang maaga. In the third, nang described up to what extent that Juan improved ( gumaling), which is "greatly" ( nang todo). In the latter two examples, the ligature na and its variants -ng and -g may also be used ( Gumising na maaga/Maaga ng gumising; Gumaling na todo/Todo ng gumaling). The longer nang may also have other uses, such as a ligature that joins a repeated word: Naghintáy sila nang naghintáy. —They kept on waiting" (a closer calque: "They were waiting and waiting. ") pô/hô and opò/ohò [ edit] The words pô/hô and opò/ohò are traditionally used as polite iterations of the affirmative " oo " ("yes"). It is generally used when addressing elders or superiors such as bosses or teachers. "Pô" and "opò" are specifically used to denote a high level of respect when addressing older persons of close affinity like parents, relatives, teachers and family friends. "Hô" and "ohò" are generally used to politely address older neighbours, strangers, public officials, bosses and nannies, and may suggest a distance in societal relationship and respect determined by the addressee's social rank and not their age. However, "pô" and "opò" can be used in any case in order to express an elevation of respect. Example: " Pakitapon naman pô/ho yung basura. " ("Please throw away the trash. ") Used in the affirmative: Ex: " Gutóm ka na ba? " " Opò/Ohò ". ("Are you hungry yet? " "Yes. ") Pô/Hô may also be used in negation. Ex: " Hindi ko pô/hô alam 'yan. " ("I don't know that. ") Vocabulary and borrowed words [ edit] Tagalog vocabulary is composed mostly of words of native Austronesian origin - most of the words that end with the diphthongs -iw, (e. saliw) and those words that exhibit reduplication (e. halo-halo, patpat, etc. ). However it has a significant number of Spanish loanwords. Spanish is the language that has bequeathed the most loanwords to Tagalog. In pre-Hispanic times, Trade Malay was widely known and spoken throughout Maritime Southeast Asia. Tagalog also includes many loanwords from English, Indian languages ( Sanskrit and Tamil), Chinese languages ( Hokkien, Cantonese, Mandarin), Japanese, Arabic and Persian. Due to trade with Mexico via the Manila galleons from the 16th to the 19th centuries, many words from Nahuatl (Aztec) and Castilian (Spanish) were introduced to Tagalog. The Philippines has long been a melting pot of nations. The islands have been subject to different influences and a meeting point of numerous migrations since the early prehistoric origins of trading activities, especially from the time of the Neolithic Period, the Silk Road, the Tang Dynasty, the Ming Dynasty, the Ryukyu Kingdom, the Spice Route and the Manila Galleon trading periods. This means that the evolution of the language is difficult to reconstruct (although many theories exist). English has borrowed some words from Tagalog, such as abaca, barong, balisong, boondocks, jeepney, Manila hemp, pancit, ylang-ylang, and yaya, although the vast majority of these borrowed words are only used in the Philippines as part of the vocabularies of Philippine English. [ citation needed] Tagalog has contributed several words to Philippine Spanish, like barangay (from balan͠gay, meaning barrio), the abacá, cogon, palay, dalaga etc. Tagalog words of foreign origin [ edit] Cognates with other Philippine languages [ edit] Austronesian comparison chart [ edit] Below is a chart of Tagalog and a number of other Austronesian languages comparing thirteen words. English one two three four person house dog coconut day new we (inclusive) what fire Tagalog isa dalawa tatlo apat tao bahay aso niyog araw bago tayo ano apoy Tombulu ( Minahasa) esa zua (rua) telu epat tou walé asu po'po' endo weru kai, kita apa api Central Bikol saro duwa tulo tawo harong ayam aldaw ba-go kita kalayo Rinconada Bikol əsad darwā tolō əpat tawō baləy noyog aldəw bāgo kitā onō kalayō Waray usa duha upat balay ayam/ido lubi adlaw bag-o anu/nano Cebuano usa/isa iro unsa Hiligaynon duha/dua ido Aklanon isaea, sambilog, uno daywa, dos tatlo, tres ap-at, kwatro baeay kaeayo Kinaray-a sara darwa Tausug hambuuk tu tau bay iru' niyug ba-gu kitaniyu unu kayu Maranao dowa t'lo phat taw walay neyog gawi'e tano tonaa Kapampangan metung adwa atlu bale ngungut aldo bayu ikatamu nanu Pangasinan sakey dua, duara talo, talora apat, apatira too abong ageo balo sikatayo anto pool Ilocano maysa dua tallo uppat niog baro datayo ania Ivatan asa dadowa tatdo vahay chito niyoy va-yo yaten ango Ibanag tadday tallu appa' tolay kitu niuk aggaw bagu sittam anni afi Yogad tata addu appat binalay atu iyyog agaw sikitam gani afuy Gaddang antet addwa ayog aw bawu ikkanetam sanenay Tboli sotu lewu tlu fat gunu ohu lefo kdaw lomi tekuy tedu ofih Kadazan iso duvo tohu tuhun hamin tasu piasau tadau vagu tokou onu tapui Malay / Indonesian satu tiga empat orang rumah anjing kelapa/nyiur hari baru/baharu Javanese siji loro papat uwong omah klapa/kambil anyar/enggal apa/anu geni Acehnese lhèë peuët ureuëng rumoh/balèë asèë uroë barô (geu)tanyoë peuë apuy Lampung sai khua pak jelema lamban nyiwi khani baru kham apui Buginese se'di tellu eppa' bola kaluku esso idi' aga Batak sada tolu opat halak jabu biang harambiri ari hita aha Minangkabau ciek duo tigo ampek urang anjiang karambia kito apo Tetum ida rua haat ema uma nuu loron foun ita saida ahi Maori tahi toru wha tangata whare kuri kokonati ra hou taua Tuvaluan tasi lua fá toko fale moku fou tāua ā Hawaiian kahi kolu hā kanaka hale 'īlio niu ao kākou Banjarese talu ampat hadupan kalapa hanyar Malagasy roa telo efatra olona trano alika voanio andro vaovao isika inona afo Dusun tulun walai wagu onu/nu Iban sa/san duan dangku dangkan ukui/uduk nyiur kitai nama Melanau telou apah lebok asou nyior lau baew teleu Religious literature [ edit] Religious literature remains one of the most dynamic contributors to Tagalog literature. The first Bible in Tagalog, then called Ang Biblia [49] ("the Bible") and now called Ang Dating Biblia [50] ("the Old Bible"), was published in 1905. In 1970, the Philippine Bible Society translated the Bible into modern Tagalog. Even before the Second Vatican Council, devotional materials in Tagalog had been in circulation. There are at least four circulating Tagalog translations of the Bible the Magandang Balita Biblia (a parallel translation of the Good News Bible), which is the ecumenical version the Bibliya ng Sambayanang Pilipino the 1905 Ang Biblia is a more Protestant version the Bagong Sanlibutang Salin ng Banal na Kasulatan ( New World Translation of the Holy Scriptures) When the Second Vatican Council, (specifically the Sacrosanctum Concilium) permitted the universal prayers to be translated into vernacular languages, the Catholic Bishops' Conference of the Philippines was one of the first to translate the Roman Missal into Tagalog. The Roman Missal in Tagalog was published as early as 1982. Jehovah's Witnesses were printing Tagalog literature at least as early as 1941 [51] and The Watchtower (the primary magazine of Jehovah's Witnesses) has been published in Tagalog since at least the 1950s. New releases are now regularly released simultaneously in a number of languages, including Tagalog. The official website of Jehovah's Witnesses also has some publications available online in Tagalog. [52] The revised bible edition, the New World Translation of the Holy Scriptures, was released in Tagalog on 2019 [53] and it is distributed without charge both printed and online versions. Tagalog is quite a stable language, and very few revisions have been made to Catholic Bible translations. Also, as Protestantism in the Philippines is relatively young, liturgical prayers tend to be more ecumenical. Examples [ edit] Lord's Prayer [ edit] In Tagalog, the Lord's Prayer is exclusively known by its incipit, Amá Namin (literally, "Our Father"). Amá namin, sumasalangit Ka, Sambahín ang ngalan Mo. Mapasaamin ang kaharián Mo. Sundín ang loób Mo, Dito sa lupà, gaya nang sa langit. Bigyán Mo kamí ngayón ng aming kakanin sa araw-araw, At patawarin Mo kamí sa aming mga salâ, Para nang pagpápatawad namin, Sa nagkakasalà sa amin; At huwág Mo kamíng ipahintulot sa tuksó, At iadyâ Mo kamí sa lahát ng masamâ. [Sapagkát sa Inyó ang kaharián, at ang kapangyarihan, At ang kaluwálhatian, ngayón, at magpakailanman. ] Amen. Universal Declaration of Human Rights [ edit] This is Article 1 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights ( Pángkalahatáng Pagpapahayag ng Karapatáng Pantao) Bawat tao'y isinilang na may layà at magkakapantáy ang tagláy na dangál at karapatán. Silá'y pinagkalooban ng pangangatwiran at budhî na kailangang gamitin nilá sa pagtuturingan nilá sa diwà ng pagkakapatiran. All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood. [54] Numbers [ edit] The numbers ( mga bilang) in Tagalog language are of two sets. The first set consists of native Tagalog words and the other set are Spanish loanwords. (This may be compared to other East Asian languages, except with the second set of numbers borrowed from Spanish instead of Chinese. ) For example, when a person refers to the number "seven", it can be translated into Tagalog as " pito " or " siyete " (Spanish: siete). Months and days [ edit] Months and days in Tagalog are also localised forms of Spanish months and days. "Month" in Tagalog is buwán (also the word for moon) and "day" is araw (the word also means sun). Unlike Spanish, however, months and days in Tagalog are always capitalised. Time [ edit] Time expressions in Tagalog are also Tagalized forms of the corresponding Spanish. "Time" in Tagalog is panahon, or more commonly oras. Unlike Spanish and English, times in Tagalog are capitalized whenever they appear in a sentence. Common phrases [ edit] Tagalog (with Pronunciation) Filipino Pilipino [ˌpiːliˈpiːno] Inglés [ʔɪŋˈɡlɛs] Tagalog [tɐˈɡaːloɡ] Spanish "Espanyol/Español/Kastila" What is your name? Anó ang pangalan ninyo/nila*? (plural or polite) [ɐˈno aŋ pɐˈŋaːlan nɪnˈjo], Anó ang pangalan mo? (singular) [ɐˈno aŋ pɐˈŋaːlan mo] How are you? kumustá [kʊmʊsˈta] (modern), Anó po áng lagáy ninyo/nila? (old use) Good morning! Magandáng umaga! [mɐɡɐnˈdaŋ uˈmaːɡa] Good noontime! (from 11 a. m. to 1 p. ) Magandáng tanghali! [mɐɡɐnˈdaŋ taŋˈhaːlɛ] Good afternoon! (from 1 p. to 6:00 p. ) Magandáng hapon! [mɐɡɐnˈdaŋ ˈhaːpon] Good evening! Magandáng gabí! [mɐɡɐnˈdaŋ ɡɐˈbɛ] Good-bye paálam [pɐˈʔaːlam] Please Depending on the nature of the verb, either pakí- [pɐˈki] or makí- [mɐˈki] is attached as a prefix to a verb. ngâ [ŋaʔ] is optionally added after the verb to increase politeness. (e. Pakipasa ngâ ang tinapay. ("Can you pass the bread, please? ")) Thank you Salamat [sɐˈlaːmat] This one ito [ʔiˈtoh], sometimes pronounced [ʔɛˈtoh] (literally—"it", "this") That one iyan [ʔiˈjan], When pointing to something at greater distances: iyun [ʔiˈjʊn] or iyon [ʔiˈjon] Here dito [dɪˈtoh], heto [hɛˈtoh] ("Here it is") There doon [dʒan], hayan [hɑˈjan] ("There it is") How much? Magkano? [mɐɡˈkaːno] Yes oo [ˈoːʔo] opô [ˈʔopoʔ] or ohô [ˈʔohoʔ] (formal/polite form) No hindî [hɪnˈdɛʔ], often shortened to dî [dɛʔ] hindî pô (formal/polite form) I don't know hindî ko álam [hɪnˈdɛʔ ko aːlam] Very informal: ewan [ʔɛˈʊɑn], archaic aywan [ɑjˈʊɑn] (closest English equivalent: colloquial dismissive 'Whatever') Sorry pasensya pô [pɐˈsɛːnʃa poʔ] (literally from the word "patience") or paumanhin po, patawad po [pɐtaːwad poʔ] (literally—"asking your forgiveness") Because kasí [kɐˈsɛ] or dahil [dɑˈhɪl] Hurry! dalí! [dɐˈli], bilís! [bɪˈlis] Again mulí [muˈli], ulít [ʊˈlɛt] I don't understand Hindî ko naiintindihan [hɪnˈdiː ko nɐʔɪɪnˌtɪndiˈhan] or Hindi ko nauunawaan [hɪnˈdiː ko nɐʔʊʊnawaʔˌʔan] What? Anó? [ɐˈno] Where? Saán? [sɐˈʔan], Nasaán? [ˌnaːsɐˈʔan] (literally - "Where at? ") Why? Bakít? [bɑˈkɛt] When? Kailan? [kɑjˈlɑn], [kɑˈɪˈlɑn], or [kɛˈlɑn] (literally—"In what order? /"At what count? "") How? Paánó? [pɑˌɐˈno] (literally—"By what? ") Where's the bathroom? Nasaán ang banyo? [ˌnaːsɐˈʔan ʔaŋ ˈbaːnjo] Generic toast Mabuhay! [mɐˈbuːhaɪ] (literally—"long live") Do you speak English? Marunong ka báng magsalitâ ng Inglés? [mɐˈɾuːnoŋ ka baŋ mɐɡsaliˈtaː naŋ ʔɪŋˈɡlɛs] Marunong po bâ kayóng magsalitâ ng Inglés? (polite version for elders and strangers) Marunong ka báng mag-Inglés? (short form) Marunong po ba kayóng mag-Inglés? (short form, polite version for elders and strangers) It is fun to live. Masayá ang mabuhay! [mɐˈsaˈja ʔaŋ mɐˈbuːhaɪ] or Masaya'ng mabuhay (contracted version) *Pronouns such as niyo (2nd person plural) and nila (3rd person plural) are used on a single 2nd person in polite or formal language. See Tagalog grammar. Proverbs [ edit] Ang hindî marunong lumingón sa pinánggalingan ay hindî makaráratíng sa paroroonan. (José Rizal) One who knows not how to look back from whence he came, will never get to where he is going. Unang kagat, tinapay pa rin. It means:"First bite, still bread. " or "All fluff no substance. " Tao ka nang humarap, bilang tao kitang haharapin. (A proverb in Southern Tagalog that made people aware the significance of sincerity in Tagalog communities. It says, "As a human you reach me, I treat you as a human and never act as a traitor. ") Hulí man daw (raw) at magalíng, nakáhahábol pa rin. If one is behind but capable, one will still be able to catch up. Magbirô ka na sa lasíng, huwág lang sa bagong gising. Make fun of someone drunk, if you must, but never one who has just awakened. Aanhín pa ang damó kung patáy na ang kabayo? What use is the grass if the horse is already dead? Ang sakít ng kalingkingan, ramdám ng buóng katawán. The pain in the pinkie is felt by the whole body. (In a group, if one goes down, the rest follow. ) Nasa hulí ang pagsisisi. Regret is always in the end. Pagkáhabà-habà man ng prusisyón, sa simbahan pa rin ang tulóy. The procession may stretch on and on, but it still ends up at the church. (In romance: refers to how certain people are destined to be married. In general: refers to how some things are inevitable, no matter how long you try to postpone it. ) Kung 'dî mádaán sa santóng dasalan, daanin sa santóng paspasan. If it cannot be got through holy prayer, get it through blessed force. (In romance and courting: santóng paspasan literally means 'holy speeding' and is a euphemism for sexual intercourse. It refers to the two styles of courting by Filipino boys: one is the traditional, protracted, restrained manner favored by older generations, which often featured serenades and manual labor for the girl's family; the other is upfront seduction, which may lead to a slap on the face or a pregnancy out of wedlock. The second conclusion is known as pikot or what Western cultures would call a ' shotgun marriage '. This proverb is also applied in terms of diplomacy and negotiation. ) See also [ edit] Dambana Abakada alphabet Komisyon sa Wikang Filipino Filipino alphabet Filipino orthography Tagalog Wikipedia References [ edit] ^ Philippine Statistics Authority 2014, pp. 29–34. ^ Tagalog at Ethnologue (22nd ed., 2019) ^ Filipino at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) ^ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Tagalogic". Glottolog 3. 0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History. ^ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. "Tagalog-Filipino". Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History. ^ According to the OED and Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary ^ "Numbers on Filipino, Cebuano and English | Inquirer Opinion".. Retrieved 2019-10-11. ^ "Tagalog - ".. Retrieved 2019-10-11. ^ Zorc, David. 1977. "The Bisayan Dialects of the Philippines: Subgrouping and Reconstruction". Pacific Linguistics C. 44. Canberra: The Australian National University ^ Blust, Robert. 1991. "The Greater Central Philippines hypothesis". Oceanic Linguistics 30:73–129 ^ Postma, Anton. The Laguna Copper-Plate Inscription: Text and Commentary. Philippine Studies. Vol. 40, No. 2 (Second Quarter 1992), pp. 183-203. ^ Juan José de Noceda, Pedro de Sanlucar, Vocabulario de la Lengua Tagala, Manila 2013, pg iv, Komision sa Wikang Filipino ^ Vocabulario de la Lengua Tagala, Manila 1860 at Google Books ^ Juan José de Noceda, Pedro de Sanlucar, Vocabulario de la lengua tagala, Manila 2013, Komision sa Wikang Filipino. ^ Spieker-Salazar, Marlies (1992). "A contribution to Asian Historiography: European studies of Philippines languages from the 17th to the 20th century". Archipel. 44 (1): 183–202. doi: 10. 3406/arch. 1992. 2861. ^ Cruz, H. (1906). Kun sino ang kumathâ ng̃ "Florante": kasaysayan ng̃ búhay ni Francisco Baltazar at pag-uulat nang kanyang karunung̃a't kadakilaan. Libr. "Manila Filatélico, ". Retrieved January 8, 2017. ^ 1897 Constitution of Biak-na-Bato, Article VIII,, archived from the original on 2009-02-28, retrieved 2008-01-16 ^ 1935 Philippine Constitution, Article XIV, Section 3, Chanrobles Law Library, retrieved 2007-12-20 ^ a b c Manuel L. Quezon III, Quezon's speech proclaiming Tagalog the basis of the National Language (PDF),, retrieved 2010-03-26 ^ a b c d e Andrew Gonzalez (1998), "The Language Planning Situation in the Philippines" (PDF), Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 19 (5, 6): 487–488, doi: 10. 1080/01434639808666365, retrieved 2007-03-24. ^ 1973 Philippine Constitution, Article XV, Sections 2–3, Chanrobles Law Library, retrieved 2007-12-20 ^ "Mga Probisyong Pangwika sa Saligang-Batas".. Retrieved 2012-06-07. ^ "What the PH constitutions say about the national language". Rappler. ^ "The cost of being tongue-tied in the colonisers' tongue". The Economist. The Economist Newspaper Limited. 4 June 2009. Retrieved 10 July 2018. ONCE it claimed to have more English speakers than all but two other countries, and it has exported millions of them. But these days Filipinos are less boastful. Three decades of decline in the share of Filipinos who speak the language, and the deteriorating proficiency of those who can manage some English, have eroded one of the country's advantages in the global economy. Call-centres complain that they reject nine-tenths of otherwise qualified job applicants, mostly college graduates, because of their poor command of English. This is lowering the chances that the outsourcing industry will succeed in its effort to employ close to 1m people, account for 8. 5% of GDP and have 10% of the world market ^ "Filipino Language in the Curriculum - National Commission for Culture and the Arts". National Commission for Culture and the Arts. Retrieved 2018-08-21. ^ a b 1987 Philippine Constitution, Article XIV, Sections 6–9, Chanrobles Law Library, retrieved 2007-12-20 ^ Order No. 74 (2009) Archived 2012-06-16 at the Wayback Machine. Department of Education. ^ DO 16, s. 2012 ^ Dumlao, Artemio (21 May 2012). "K+12 to use 12 mother tongues".. ^ Philippine Census, 2000. Table 11. Household Population by Ethnicity, Sex and Region: 2000 ^ Results from the 2000 Census of Population and Housing: Educational characteristics of the Filipinos bat man, National Statistics Office, March 18, 2005, archived from the original on January 27, 2008, retrieved 2008-01-21 ^ Results from the 2000 Census of Population and Housing: Population expected to reach 100 million Filipinos in 14 years, National Statistics Office, October 16, 2002, retrieved 2008-01-21 ^ "Language Use in the United States: 2011". United States Census Bureau. August 2013. Report number ACS-22. Archived from the original on 2018-12-29. ^ a b Lewis, M. P., Simons, G. F., & Fennig, C. D. (2014). Tagalog. Ethnologue: Languages of the World. Retrieved from ^ Soberano, Ros (2015). The dialects of Marinduque Tagalog. Pacific Linguistics - Series B No. 69. Canberra: Research School of Pacific Studies, Australian National University. 15144/PL-B69. ^ a b c d e f g Tagalog (2005). Keith Brown (ed. Encyclopedia of Language and Linguistics (2 ed. Elsevier. ISBN 0-08-044299-4. ^ Himmelmann, Nikolaus (2005). "Tagalog" in K. Alexander Adelaar & Nikolaus Himmelmann (eds. ) The Austronesian languages of Asia and Madagascar, pp. 350-376, London, Routledge. ^ a b "Accusations of Foreign-ness of the Revista Católica de Filipinas - Is 'K' a Foreign Agent? Orthography and Patriotism... ". ^ a b c d e Thomas, Megan C. (8 October 2007). "K is for De-Kolonization: Anti-Colonial Nationalism and Orthographic Reform". Comparative Studies in Society and History. 49 (4): 938–967. 1017/S0010417507000813. ^ "Ebolusyon ng Alpabetong Filipino". Retrieved 2010-06-22. ^ Gómez Rivera, Guillermo (April 10, 2001). "The evolution of the native Tagalog alphabet". Philippines: Emanila Community (). Views & Reviews. Archived from the original on September 19, 2013. Retrieved August 3, 2010. ^ Signey, Richard, Philippine Journal of Linguistics, Manila, Philippines: Linguistic Society of the Philippines, The Evolution and Disappearance of the "Ğ" in Tagalog orthography since the 1593 Doctrina Christiana, ISSN 0048-3796, OCLC 1791000, retrieved August 3, 2010. ^ Linda Trinh Võ; Rick Bonus (2002), Contemporary Asian American communities: intersections and divergences, Temple University Press, pp. 96, 100, ISBN 978-1-56639-938-8 ^ University of the Philippines College of Education (1971), "Philippine Journal of Education", Philippine Journal of Education, Philippine Journal of Education., 50: 556 ^ Perfecto T. Martin (1986), Diksiyunaryong adarna: mga salita at larawan para sa bata, Children's Communication Center, ISBN 978-971-12-1118-9 ^ Trinh & Bonus 2002, pp. 96, 100 ^ Renato Perdon; Periplus Editions (2005), Renato Perdon (ed. ), Pocket Tagalog Dictionary: Tagalog-English/English-Tagalog, Tuttle Publishing, pp. vi–vii, ISBN 978-0-7946-0345-8 ^ Michael G. Clyne (1997), Undoing and redoing corpus planning, Walter de Gruyter, p. 317, ISBN 978-3-11-015509-9 ^ Worth, Roland H. Biblical Studies On The Internet: A Resource Guide, 2008 (p. 43) ^ "Genesis 1 Tagalog: Ang Dating Biblia (1905)".. Retrieved 2012-07-07. ^ 2003 Yearbook of Jehovah's Witnesses. Watch Tower Society. p. 155. ^ "Watchtower Online Library (Tagalog)". Watch Tower Society. ^ "New World Translation Released in Tagalog".. January 21, 2019. ^ The Universal Declaration of Human Rights, The United Nations. Further reading [ edit] Tupas, Ruanni (2015). "The Politics of "P" and "F": A Linguistic History of Nation-Building in the Philippines". Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development. 36 (6): 587–597. 1080/01434632. 2014. 979831. External links [ edit] Wikibooks has a book on the topic of: Tagalog Tagalog Dictionary Tagalog verbs with conjugation Tagalog Lessons Dictionary Tagalog Quotes Patama Quotes Tagalog Translate Tagalog Forum Kaipuleohone archive of Tagalog.
Finally a ww1 movie about the Great War. PREASE BRADDU PITTU. @ 6:01, “To dig it was quite a task”. Well, they had a digger for the film, so it was lucky they werent required back then, because they wouldnt have been allowed a digger. Theyre have been given a spade and told to get on with it. Language filipino filipino 1917 full.
Language filipino filipino 1917 songs. 1917, is a war film that adds something completely new and unique to the war genre. The idea of making it look like one take is genius, the cinematography is by far the best of the year, as it immerses you deeply into the film and the characters that make you almost feel like you are there on this journey. The film also has a moving ending that had me mesmerised by the time the credits rolled, that is due to the cinematography and the performances given in the film which were very strong, ending on one of the most nicest shots I have seen this year with a quiet moment that says so much when speaking so little. The production, and costume design were also fantastic and the score only enhances your immersion which is exactly what you want in a score.
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Overall 1917 is a film that I found used its cinematography in fantastic fashion and creates a war film that stands up with some of the best, due to its incredible 3rd act. This is pure film making class and will be something that will be studied for aspiring cinematographers in the future. Pres l'un de l'autre... Language filipino filipino 1987 relatif. Language filipino filipino 19170. The movie was incredible. I was in the theatre completely captivated. Language filipino filipino 1971 portant.
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Language filipino filipino 1917 movies. Putlocker Online… 1917 (2018) English Full Movie 1917 Free Full [ malay sub] Watch 1917 Online Download. 1917, The Lost Battalion, The Razor's Edge, All well done. 1917 was my Grandfather's War. He was in France until Armistice. My Father was in the South Pacific in WWII 5 of us brothers served each in our time. Some in peacetime some in war. We all lived. Go figger. Benedict Cumberbacht had a small role but he lit it up. He has been really good in everything I have seen him in. This movie was well worth the price of the popcorn. It was a good demonstration of the Protector class in action. The Protected Class needs to see that every now and again. 1% give or take, of the population of the U.S. have served in her armed forces. Them, Police Fire and Medical pertaining to the same make up the protector Class. The other 99% are the Protected Class. Just so you know.
Language filipino filipino 1917 style. Language filipino filipino 1917 images. Language filipino filipino 1914. The weak parts to the film however, were there wasn't the greatest character building, especially in moments early on in the film, where I was supposed to feel some kind of emotion I didn't because the character development early on isn't the greatest. I believe as the film progressed this issue eventually sorted itself out which was nice, and also there were quiet moments in the film that felt they dragged on for way too long and needed to be shortened down a little to make a tighter packaged film.
YOU DAMN RIGHT IM SEEING THIS MOVIE. Language filipino filipino 1997. I sat in a packed yet silent theater this morning and watched, what I believe to be, the next Academy Award winner for the Best Picture. I'm not at all a fan of war movies but I am a fan of great movies. and 1917 is a great movie. Language filipino filipino 1917 english. My boys are unstoppable through heaven and hell through bullets and men they held on But the General was like ya lets lie to them and send most of there men to there deaths Great movie loved this the German didnt bring up 1 flamethrower they brought up 4 what absolute beasts. I saw 1917 today. I felt exhausted when the movie ended. It is one of the most intense movies I have ever seen. It deserves an academy award for best picture.
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